Our April, 2019 meeting was on email and iCloud. Here are some helpful links from that meeting. Fittingly, the slides are shared through iCloud.
We’ve all been getting too many spam, scam and telemarketing calls. Many times these illegal robocalls spoof Caller ID, making it appear that they are calling from your local area, or even from your own number. Fortunately help is on the way.
AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon all have anti-spoofing features which you can use for free:
Read more about phone spam and STIR/SHAKEN in this article at Consumer Reports.
Meanwhile, don’t disclose personal information to a caller, no matter who they say they are or what number they call from. Also, anytime a caller suggests you pay with a gift card, it is almost certainly a scam. There is no legitimate reason to do that.
At our general meeting on April 16, 2019, we held club elections. The following people have announced candidacy for MacMAD office:
The above slate of officers was elected April 16, 2019, without opposition.
Here are the links from this month’s MacMAD presentation. This is a demo, so there aren’t many slides. These are in Keynote format, shared via iCloud.
Even if everything seems to be going well with your Apple gadgets, you should probably check the Apple web site from time to time to see if the devices you own are subject to one of Apple Repair or Exchange programs. You might find out about a known problem with your model, and how to get it fixed for free.
Here are the files from last night’s MacMAD meeting.
How better to share the information about iCloud than through iCloud? So, these links are to the presentation as iCloud documents.
Here are the slides in Keynote.
Here is the spreadsheet in Numbers.
When following these links, iCloud may ask you to enter a name for “collaborating”. You may enter any name you like, and click Join.
If you are reading this, you probably know why you want to run SpinRite. SpinRite is a hard drive recovery utility intended to run stand-alone on Windows machines. There is really nothing comparable to it for the Macintosh, especially in its ability to recover data from corrupted hard drives.
The other instructions I found on the web for SpinRite on the Mac were variously outdated, contained bad links or were overly complicated. I had to hunt around multiple web sites to find bits and pieces of the instructions. Here is my attempt to write a coherent single set of instructions for SpinRite on the Mac.
I don’t want you to go through this process with false expectations. There are some limitations to SpinRite and to running it on the Mac.
SpinRite 6.0 is glacially slow on today’s large hard drives. A full scan on level 2 of a 1 TB drive with no bad sectors took 35 hours and 46 minutes. If the drive has bad sectors, or you use level 4, it will take much longer.
SpinRite 6.0 can’t handle drives larger than 2 TB at all.
SpinRite hasn’t been updated by its author since 2004. Steve Gibson says he plans to release updated versions 6.1 (much faster and supports larger drives) and 7 (with support for the Mac), but it could be a while.
SpinRite can operate on internal and external drives, including USB drives. The S.M.A.R.T. aware features of SpinRite will not work in the virtual machine environment we will use on the Mac. However, this does not prevent SpinRite from recovering bad sectors, or refreshing marginal ones.
The good news is that you can continue to use your Mac while SpinRite, in a virtual machine, works on a hard drive. This is better than the usual situation where a physical Windows machine is dedicated to running SpinRite for the duration. However, you must not try to use SpinRite on your system boot drive (or any mounted drive). If you need to use it on your internal boot drive, you will either have to boot from another drive or connect your Mac to another Mac in target disk mode and run SpinRite from the other Mac.
This is an advanced topic. I assume if you are planning to run SpinRite that you are somewhat familiar with running DOS-based programs, such as SpinRite, and that you are willing to use the Mac’s Terminal command line.
You must perform these steps from an administrator account, or one with sudo access (usually only admin accounts). (At least from step 4 on.)
Use caution with connecting physical and virtual drives! Make sure that you are connecting the correct drives to your virtual machine, and that you are running SpinRite on the drive you intend. If you connect a RAW drive to a virtual machine while it is mounted by MacOS, you risk utter destruction of data on that drive. (Although VirtualBox seemingly tries to prevent you from doing this.)
Here is the executive summary of what you are going to do:
https://www.virtualbox.org/ (It’s free)
Select the CDROM “standard” installer distribution. You’ll get a file something like FD12CD.iso.
The current version 1.2 is acceptable. You are going to install FreeDOS into the VirtualBox virtual machine you created above.
In Virtual Box, Click on your FreeDOS machine. Select Settings/Storage. Click on the empty optical drive icon. To mount your FreeDOS image click on the CD icon on the far right, and choose it using Choose Virtual Optical Disk File
Select the FreeDOS ISO image (FD12CD.iso).
You are now going to boot your virtual machine for the first time to install FreeDOS onto your virtual hard drive. It will help to understand some features of the Virtual Box user interface. You will need to click in the virtual machine window to allow you to type into it. When you do that, the virtual machine will “capture” your mouse and keyboard. To release the mouse and keyboard, to do anything else on your Mac, you can press the left ⌘ (command) key.
There is a bug between VirtualBox and FreeDOS that will cause the virtual machine to crash with a messy string of Invalid Opcode messages if you simply follow the prompts. There is a workaround, and here it is.
Select your virtual DOS machine in Virtual Box. Press Start. The virtual machine window will appear, and it should boot into the FreeDOS installer screen. There is a countdown running (50 seconds) which you need to stop. Click in the virtual machine window and press the TAB key. That will stop the timer. You are now editing the Install to harddisk menu option. Add the word raw (lower case) after the command line. Press return.
You should now be in the installer at the preferred language prompt. Proceed.
When asked if you want to partition Drive C:, select Yes. And also select Yes – Please reboot now. Once again, intercept the countdown with a tab and add raw to the command line.
You will be back to the installer preferred language prompt. Proceed. This time you will be asked if you want to format C:. Say Yes. Then choose your keyboard format (perhaps different from your preferred language).
At the prompt What FreeDOS packages do you want to install?, Choose Base packages only. This is sufficient for SpinRite.
Naturally, you will choose Yes – Please install FreeDOS 1.2.
When the install is complete, you will be asked if you want to reboot. Don’t do it yet. Wait until step 4b, below.
4a. You will Create a CD image with spinrite.exe on it. This will be used to get SpinRite.exe into the Virtual machine. When SpinRite runs, it can create an ISO containing itself. If you already have a SpinRite ISO created by SpinRite on a Windows machine you may use that and skip the rest of this step (skip to 4b).
Create a folder named “spinrite” in your Downloads folder. Put spinrite.exe into that folder.
Open a Terminal window. Enter this command into the terminal:
|
1 |
hdiutil makehybrid -o ~/Desktop/image.iso ~/Downloads/spinrite/ -iso -joliet |
(Enter the command all on one line.) This will create a file on your desktop named image.iso containing spinrite.exe . This image is of a type acceptable to Virtual Box. If you create an image with Disk Utility instead, it will not work.
4b. In VirtualBox Manager, select your DOS machine, and pick Settings/Storage. Again, using the optical disk icon on the far right, choose the image.iso file we created on your desktop in step 4a, above. Click OK to save settings.
Now, back in the virtual machine, select Yes-Please reboot now and press enter. You don’t need to intercept the boot process anymore. Wait for the machine to boot into FreeDOS and the C:\> prompt.
The SpinRite “CD” should now be mounted as drive D:. Type the DOS command:
|
1 |
copy d:\spinrite.exe c:\spinrite.exe |
This will copy Spinrite to your virtual C: drive. At this point, you now have a virtual machine with a virtual hard drive containing SpinRite, and you no longer need the image.iso image. You may remove that from the virtual drive if you like.
In the terminal, create a shell script as follows:
|
1 |
cat > srscript.sh |
Then, copy the script below, and paste it into the terminal.
|
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 |
#!/bin/bash # This script creates a virtual disk image connected to a physical disk for connection to VirtualBox read -p "Enter Disk name, e.g. disk8: " SpinRiteDisk # make sure disk is unmounted /usr/sbin/diskutil unmountDisk /dev/$SpinRiteDisk sudo vboxmanage internalcommands createrawvmdk -filename "$HOME/Desktop/VirtualRaw$SpinRiteDisk.vmdk" -rawdisk /dev/$SpinRiteDisk sudo chmod 777 "$HOME/Desktop/VirtualRaw$SpinRiteDisk.vmdk" sudo chmod 777 /dev/$SpinRiteDisk /usr/sbin/diskutil unmountDisk /dev/$SpinRiteDisk echo "Look on Desktop for raw disk file" |
Then type
ctrl-D (End-of-file)
Now make your script executable with:
|
1 |
chomd +x srscript.sh |
Make sure the drive to be tested is connected and powered on. You need to figure out what the device ID associated with the drive under test is. It will be of the form “diskX”, for example, it might be “disk5”. You can find this in Disk Utility, in the lower right corner.
If you see a suffix, e.g., disk5s1, ignore the suffix. This is the disk name you will need in the next step.
While you are in Disk Utility, go ahead and unmount all partitions on the drive to be tested, if any are mounted.
In the terminal, run the script:
|
1 |
./srscript.sh |
Because the script contains sudo commands, you will be prompted for a password. Enter your Mac signon password. As mentioned above, this will only work for admin accounts, or accounts for which the user has been added to the file /etc/sudoers . When prompted, enter the device ID (disk name), e.g. disk5 . A vmdk file icon will appear on your desktop named appropriately.
In VirtualBox, go to the storage settings for your virtual machine.
Click the hard-drive-plus icon to add a new hard drive to the virtual IDE controller. At the prompt, select Choose Existing Disk, and then select the VirtualRawdiskx file you created on your desktop earlier.
If the FreeDOS CD is still mounted in your virtual machine, as shown above, remove it from the virtual drive so that your machine boots from your virtual hard drive. If you click on the .iso, the remove option then appears if you click the optical disk icon in the far right of the dialog box.
Very likely, at this point, your target disk may have remounted itself. Eject/Unmount it before proceeding. VirtualBox will complain about being unable to access the VirtualDrive if partitions on the physical drive are still in use. Eject it using DiskUtility or the Finder.
In VirtualBox, start your virtual machine. It should boot up to the FreeDOS command prompt.
Issue the DOS command:
|
1 |
spinrite |
You are now running SpinRite on a Mac! As promised earlier, SpinRite will have no access to S.M.A.R.T. data in this scenario.
When SpinRite is done (much, much later), you should restore the correct disk permissions. Leaving the raw disk permissions with world access is a security risk.
In the terminal you can restore them with, for example:
|
1 |
sudo chmod 640 /dev/disk5 |
If disk5 was your target disk. Check that the permissions are correct with
|
1 |
ls -l /dev/disk* |
The raw disk files should all have the same permissions:
|
1 |
brw-r----- |
I hope these instructions were helpful for you.
Extended installation Instructions for FreeDOS are here:
How can you safely shut down your Mac if your mouse stops working?
If needed, press ⌘tab to visit each open application, and use ⌘S to save your work. Press ⌘tab until the Finder is the front application.
If there is a Finder window open, fine. If not, press ⌘N to get one.
Press Control-Tab to get the text cursor into the spotlight window in the upper right.
Type
terminal
Press ⌘O to open the Terminal
In the terminal window type:
sudo shutdown -h now
Enter your password. Your Mac will shut down.
Can you think of an easier way?
This tip was created and tested on MacOS 10.6.5. It should work on any version of MacOS X since spotlight was introduced.
Here are the slides for our October 16th presentation on iOS 12. They are in Keynote format. File size is large at 933 MBytes. (contains small videos).
We hope you enjoy having the slides available like this so you do not need to take notes.
Overview of iOS 12 LARGE FILE
There has been a recent spate of phishing emails purporting to come from Apple. Typically they show some sort of a purchase or subscription that you supposedly bought from Apple. As always, DO NOT CLICK LINKS in emails.
If you want to check your account, do so from within iTunes, or by logging in at iCloud.com or Apple.com yourself.
In the email there are some suspicious indicators if you look for them. First of all, the email is not from the domain apple.com.
Second, the mail addresses you as “Valuable Customer”, not by name.
The bad guys expect you to be outraged that you are being charged for something you didn’t order — and that you will rashly click on the link they provided.
I don’t know what happens when you do that. Probably, it is a fake imitation of the Apple sign-in page where your credentials will be stolen. However, it may be some kind of attack that takes place merely by visiting the site.
Be safe out there, folks!